Problem:
Millions of Afridev and India Mark II (IMII) hand pumps have been installed around the world, and these hand pumps still serve as critical sources of water for hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. Unfortunately, research estimates that up to 38% of these pumps are non-functional or not working properly at any given time. When they are working, they often produce water with unacceptable levels of lead and are prone to rapid corrosion. This is a dire situation for the hundreds of millions of people who rely on these pumps for their daily water needs, and we recognized the urgency of their plight.